Sight-reading is the ability to play or sing a piece of music at first sight, without prior preparation. It is a critical skill for musicians, especially in collaborative settings like orchestras, choirs, or accompanying performances. Sight-reading requires a combination of musical knowledge, technical proficiency, and focus.

Key Elements of Sight-Reading:

1. Rhythm Recognition: Being able to accurately interpret rhythms, even if the notes are unfamiliar.
2. Pitch Awareness: Quickly identifying and playing the correct notes on your instrument or singing them in tune.
3. Key and Time Signatures: Recognizing and adapting to the key and time signature changes in the piece.
4. Dynamic Markings and Articulations: Observing dynamics, phrasing, and articulation marks while playing.
5. Reading Ahead: Scanning the music slightly ahead of where you are playing to anticipate changes.